<<
Feb 28| <<
Feb 29| <<
Feb 30| HISTORY 4
2DAY |Mar
02 >> Events, deaths, births, of MAR 01 [For Mar 01 Julian go to Gregorian date: 1583~1699: Mar 11 1700s: Mar 12 1800s: Mar 13 1900~2099: Mar 14] |
• Kennedy establishes Peace Corps... • E.M. Forster embarks on a passage to India...
• Yellowstone Park established...
• US intends to send Marines to Vietnam...
• Bomb in US Capitol building...
• Change of US Secretary of Defense...
• Bulgaria joins the Axis...
• West and East Pakistan diverge...
• US Steel accomodates union...
• Lindbergh baby kidnapped... • Germany incites Mexico to war against US...
• Salem witch hunt... • Mortar kills Iwo Jima flag raisers Strank and Block...
• Winton Motors gets started...
• First space probe to reach another planet...
• Puerto Ricans shoot in Congress...
• Finns hard pressed by Soviet aggression...
• Atomic spy convicted... • Dioclétien instaure la tétrarchie...
• Apple's CD~ROM... • Dual computer: Apple and DOS...
• Commodore clones IBM computers...
• Author Howells is born... |
On a March 01:
2003 Shortly after midnight, at the end of a session that began the previous day at 16:30, the Israeli Knesset approves 66-to-48 Ariel Sharon for his second term as Prime Minister, together with the cabinet that he has assembled after his Likud party led in the 28 January 2003 general election; and they are sworn in, Israel's 30th government. 2003 The UK's Press Association reports that the government will propose on 03 March that the 6000 American ruddy ducks [photo below, left] in Britain be killed to protect the genetically related but endangered white-headed duck [photo below, right] of Spain, with which the ruddy ducks mate when they fly to Spain in the winter. Some opponents of the killing suggest that it would be cheaper to fly the birds back to America in business class. |
2001 Los talibán de Afganistán comienzan a destruir
las estatuas preislámicas del país por orden de su jefe supremo, el mulá
Mohamed Omar, porque, según su estricta interpretación del Corán, las representaciones
de seres humanos son contrarias a los dictados religiosos. 2000 Rusia acepta la presencia internacional para investigar los crímenes en Chechenia. 1998 El socialdemócrata Gerhard Schroder es el ganador absoluto en las elecciones regionales de Baja Sajonia, que le convierten en el mayor rival de Helmut Kohl en la lucha por la cancillería federal en las elecciones del 27 de septiembre. 1996 US President Clinton imposes economic sanctions on Colombia, for not having fully cooperated with the US war on drugs. 1996 The US Food and Drug Administration approves Ritonavir an AIDS drug that could prolong the lives of severely ill patients, at least slightly. 1995 Ukraine premier Vitaly Massol resigns. 1994 Entra en vigor un nuevo Código Penal en Francia, que sustituye al napoleónico de 1810. |
1992 Más del 64% de la población se pronuncia en referéndum a favor de la independencia de Bosnia-Herzegovina de Yugoslavia. Pero el 60% de los ciudadanos de la república de Montenegro vota en referéndum a favor de la formación con Serbia de una nueva Yugoslavia. 1991 The US embassy in Kuwait reopens. 1991 El rey de Tailandia, Bhumibol Adulyadej, aprueba la reforma constitucional, primer paso hacia la sustitución del poder marcial instaurado en el país tras el reciente golpe de Estado. 1990 The controversial Seabrook NH, nuclear power plant won federal permission to go on line after two decades of protests and legal struggles.
1986 Gerardo Fernández Albor toma posesión de la Presidencia de la Xunta de Galicia. 1985 Pentagon accepts theory that atomic war would cause a nuclear winter. [Therefore it would be best fought in the summer in torrid regions?] 1984 Destrucción de siete barcos iraníes por fuerzas navales y aéreas de Irak en el Golfo Pérsico.
1980 Snow falls in Florida. 1979 Se celebran las primeras elecciones generales en España tras la promulgación de la Constitución, en las que Unión de Centro Democrático (UCD) consigue la mayoría. 1977 US extends territorial waters to 200 miles. 1974 Watergate grand jury indicts 7 presidential aides. Siete de los más íntimos colaboradores del presidente estadounidense, Richard Milhous Nixon, son acusados de participar en el escándalo "Watergate". 1972 Club of Rome publishes report "Boundaries on the Growth" |
1971 Bomb explodes
in US Capitol building ^top^ A bomb explodes in a restroom in the Senate wing of the Capitol in Washington, D.C., causing an estimated $300,000 in damage but hurting no one. A group calling itself the "Weather Underground" claimed credit for the bombing, which was done in protest of the ongoing US-supported Laos invasion. The so-called Weathermen were a radical faction of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS); the Weathermen advocated violent means to transform American society. The philosophical foundations of the Weathermen were Marxist in nature; they believed that militant struggle was the key to striking out against the state to build a revolutionary consciousness among the young, particularly the white working class. Their primary tools to achieving these ends were arson and bombing. Among the other targets of Weathermen bombings were the Long Island Court House, the New York Police Department headquarters, the Pentagon, and the State Department. No one was killed in these bombings, because the bombers always called in an advanced warning. However, three members of the Weather Underground died on March 6, 1970, when the house in which they were constructing the bombs exploded. |
1971 West Pakistan
rejects an East Pakistani led government, thus leading to
the secession of East Pakistan, to become Bangladesh. ^top^ On 01 July 1970, Pakistan's ruler, Yahya Khan, had determined that the parity of representation in the National Assembly between the East Wing and the West Wing that had existed under the 1956 and 1962 constitutions would end and that representation would be based on population. This arrangement gave East Pakistan 162 seats (plus seven reserved for women) versus 138 seats (plus six for women) for the new provinces of the West Wing. An intense election campaign took place in 1970 as restrictions on press, speech, and assembly were removed. Bhutto campaigned in the West Wing on a strongly nationalist and leftist platform. The slogan of his party was "Islam our Faith, Democracy our Policy, Socialism our Economy." He said that the PPP would provide "roti, kapra, aur makhan" (bread, clothing, and shelter) to all. He also proclaimed a "thousand year war with India," although this pronouncement was played down later in the campaign. In the East Wing, the Awami League gained widespread support for the six-point program. Its cause was further strengthened because West Pakistani politicians were perceived as callously indifferent to the Bengali victims of the October cyclone and slow to come to their aid. The first general election conducted in Pakistan on the basis of one person, one vote, was held on 07 December 1970; elections to provincial legislative assemblies followed three days later. The voting was heavy. Yahya Khan kept his promise of free and fair elections. The Awami League won a colossal victory in East Pakistan, for it was directly elected to 160 of the 162 seats in the east and thus gained a majority of the 300 directly elected seats in the National Assembly (plus the thirteen indirectly elected seats for women, bringing the total to 313 members) without winning a seat in the West Wing. The PPP won a large majority in the West Wing, especially in Punjab and Sindh, but no seats in the East Wing. In the North- West Frontier Province and Balochistan, the National Awami Party won a plurality of the seats. The Muslim League and the Islamic parties did poorly in the west and were not represented in the east. Bhutto, Mujib and East Pakistan Any constitutional agreement clearly depended on the consent of three persons: Mujib of the East Wing, Bhutto of the West Wing, and Yahya Khan, as the ultimate authenticator representing the military government. In his role as intermediary and head of state, Yahya Khan tried to persuade Bhutto and Mujib to come to some kind of accommodation. This effort proved unsuccessful as Mujib insisted on his right as leader of the majority to form a government--a stand at variance with Bhutto, who claimed there were "two majorities" in Pakistan. Bhutto declared that the PPP would not attend the inaugural session of the assembly, thereby making the establishment of civilian government impossible. On 01 March 1971, Yahya Khan, who earlier had referred to Mujib as the "future prime minister of Pakistan," dissolved his civilian cabinet and declared an indefinite postponement of the National Assembly. In East Pakistan, the reaction was immediate. Strikes, demonstrations, and civil disobedience increased in tempo until there was open revolt. Prodded by Mujib, Bengalis declared they would pay no taxes and would ignore martial law regulations on press and radio censorship. The writ of the central government all but ceased to exist in East Pakistan. Mujib, Bhutto, and Yahya Khan held negotiations in Dhaka in late March in a last-ditch attempt to defuse the growing crisis; simultaneously, General Tikka Khan, who commanded the Pakistani forces in East Pakistan, prepared a contingency plan for a military takeover and called for troop reinforcements to be flown in via Sri Lanka. In an atmosphere of distrust and suspicion, the talks broke down, and on 25 March Yahya Khan and Bhutto flew back to West Pakistan. Tikka Khan's emergency plan went into operation. Roadblocks and barriers appeared all over Dhaka. Mujib was taken into custody and flown to the West Wing to stand trial for treason. Universities were attacked, and the first of many deaths occurred. The tempo of violence of the military crackdown during these first days soon accelerated into a full-blown and brutal civil war. On 26 March, Yahya Khan outlawed the Awami League, banned political activity, and re-imposed press censorship in both wings. Because of these strictures, people in the West Wing remained uninformed about the crackdown in the east and tended to discount reports appearing in the international press as an Indian conspiracy. Major Ziaur Rahman, a political unknown at the time, proclaimed the independence of Bangladesh from Chittagong, a city in the southeast of the new country. He would become president of Bangladesh in April 1977. A Bangladeshi government in exile was formed in Calcutta. Ziaur Rahman and others organized Bengali troops to form the Mukti Bahini (Liberation Force) to resist the Pakistan Army. The East Pakistan Rifles, a paramilitary force, mutinied and joined the revolutionary forces. Nevertheless, the Pakistan Army pressed its heavy offensive and in early April controlled most of East Pakistan. More than 250,000 refugees crossed into India in the first few days of the war. The influx continued over the next six months and reached a total of about 10 million. No accurate estimate can be made of the numbers of people killed or wounded or the numbers women, but the assessment of international human rights organizations is that the Pakistani crackdown was particularly alarming in its ferocity. Relations between Pakistan and India, already tense, deteriorated sharply as a result of the crisis. On 31 March, the Indian parliament passed a resolution in support of the "people of Bengal." The Mukti Bahini, formed around regular and paramilitary forces, received equipment, training, and other assistance from India. Superpower rivalries further complicated the situation, impinged on Pakistan's war, and possibly impeded its political resolution. In the fall, military and guerrilla operations increased, and Pakistan and India reported escalation of border shelling. On the western border of East Pakistan, military preparations were also in evidence. On 21 November, the Mukti Bahini launched an offensive on Jessore, southwest of Dhaka. Yahya Khan declared a state of emergency in all of Pakistan on 23 November and asked his people to prepare for war. In response to Indian military movements along and across the Indian-East Pakistani border, the Pakistan Air Force attacked military targets in northern India on 03 December, and on 04 December India began an integrated ground, naval, and air invasion of East Pakistan. The Indian army launched a five-pronged attack and began converging on Dhaka. Indian forces closed in around Dhaka and received the surrender of Pakistani forces on 16 December. Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi proclaimed a unilateral cease-fire on 17 December. Violent demonstrations against the military government soon broke out at the news of Pakistan's defeat. Yahya Khan resigned on 20 December. Bhutto assumed power as president and chief martial law administrator of a disgraced military, a shattered government, and a bewildered and demoralized population. Formal relations between Pakistan and Bangladesh were not established until 1976. http://www.leisurecraft.com/pakview/History/History_Contents/Yahya_Khan/yahya_khan.htm#bhutto-mujib |
1970 White govt of Rhodesia declares independence from
Britain 1970 End of US coml whale hunting
1967 US Representative Adam Clayton Powell Jr. of New York City, accused of misconduct, was denied (307 to 116) his seat in the 90th Congress. The Supreme Court would rule in 1969 that Powell had to be seated. 1967 Dominica and St Lucia gain independence from Britain. 1967 El Tribunal Supremo declara ilegal en España el sindicato Comisiones Obreras (CCOO).
1962 Uganda became a self-governing country 1959 Archbishop Makarios returns to Cyprus after 3 years 1954 US explodes 15 megaton hydrogen bomb at Bikini Atoll. Estados Unidos hace explotar la bomba de hidrógeno más potente fabricada hasta la fecha, en el atolón de Eniwetok, archipiélago de las Marshall, en el Pacífico. |
1952 Egyptian government-Ali Maher Pasja resigns 1950 USSR issues golden rubles 1950 Klaus Fuchs sentenced to 14 years for atomic espionage (London) 1950 Chiang Kai-shek resumed the presidency of National China on Formosa
1946 La monarquía triunfa por amplia mayoría en el plebiscito celebrado en Grecia. Jorge II anuncia su regreso a Atenas. 1946 Panama accepts its new constitution. 1946 British Govt takes control of Bank of England, after 252 years. 1945 US infantry regiment captures Münchengladbach. 1945 British 43rd Division under Gen Essame occupies Xanten 1945 Chinese 30th division occupies Hsenwi. 1945 FDR announces success of Yalta Conference. 1945 Fieldmarshal Kesselring succeeds von Rundstedt as commander. 1944 Massive strikes in Northern Italian towns. 1942 3 day Battle of Java Sea ends, US suffers a major naval defeat. 1942 Japanese troops occupy Kalidjati airport in Java. 1942 Tito establishes 2nd Proletarit Brigade in Bosnia. |
1941 W47NV in Nashville, Tennessee, which had received the first commercial license for an FM radio station, begins operations, airing a commercial for Nashville's Standard Candy Company. 1939 Manuel Azaña dimite como Presidente de la Segunda República española, en su exilio de Francia. Le sustituye Diego Martínez Barrio.
1934 Henry Pu Yi crowned emperor Kang Teh of Manchuria. 1933 Bank holidays declared in 6 states, to prevent run on banks 1924 Germany's prohibition of Communist Party KPD lifted 1921 Ruanda ceded to England 1921 Sailors revolt in Kronstadt Russia
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1920 Austria becomes a kingdom again, under Admiral
Horthy. 1920 Buriat ASSR, in RSFSR, constituted 1919 Demonstrations for Korean independence from Japan begin
1913 Federal income tax takes effect, as per 16th amendment 1912 Albert Berry makes first parachute jump from an airplane. 1896 El físico francés Antoine Henri Becquerel descubre una nueva propiedad de la materia que recibe el nombre de "radioactividad", primer paso para al hallazgo del "radio" por los esposos Curie. 1875 Congress passes Civil Rights Act; invalidated by Supreme Ct, 1883 1872 Yellowstone becomes world's first national park 1867 Most of Nebraska becomes 37th US state (expanded later) 1866 - Paraguayan canoes sink 2 Brazilian ironclads on Rio Parana 1864 Federal cavalry raid by Judson Kilpatrick and Ulric Dahlgren on Richmond, Virginia 1854 Se redacta el Plan de Ayutla en México, que critica el conservadurismo del presidente Santa Ana y pide la creación de un congreso constituyente que redefina la vida nacional. Esta declaración llevará a un pronunciamiento y a la creación de un gobierno provisional. 1854 SS City of Glasgow leaves Liverpool harbor and is never seen again. 1847 Michigan becomes first English-speaking jurisdiction to abolish the death penalty (except for treason against the state) 1845 President Tyler signs a congressional resolution to annex the Republic of Texas. 1803 Ohio becomes 17th state of US. 1799 La escuadra combinada de rusos y turcos toma a los franceses Corfú y algunas islas más del mar Jónico. 1792 US Presidential Succession Act passed 1790 US Congress authorizes the first US Census. 1781 Continental Congress adopts Articles of Confederation. 1780 Pennsylvania becomes first US state to abolish slavery (for new-borns only) |
1591 Pope Gregory XIV sends a monitorial letter to the Council of Paris, in which he renews the sentence of excommunication against French king Henri IV (who had not yet complied with his promise to become a Catholic), and orders the clergy, nobles, judicial functionaries, and the Third Estate of France to renounce him, under pain of severe penalties. 1587 English parliament leader Peter Wentworth confined in London Tower. 1493 A su regreso de América, al mando de Martín Alonso Yáñez Pinzón, la carabela La Pinta arriba al puerto de Bayona (Pontevedra), primer lugar de Europa en que se supo la noticia del descubrimiento. 1476 Fernando II Rey de Aragon (y V de Castilla) vence en Toro a los partidarios del nombramiento real de Juana la Beltraneja. 1420 Pope Martin V issues a Bull inviting all Christians to unite in a crusade for the extermination of Wycliffites, Hussites, and other heretics. 1382 French Maillotin uprises against taxes 1260 Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis, conquers Damascus. 0743 Slave export by Christians to heathen areas prohibited 0710 Rodrigo, rey visigodo, es ungido monarca en España. 0705 John VII is elected Pope 0492 Saint Gelasius I is elected Pope
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Deaths
which occurred on a March 01: 2003 Abu Muhammad al-Masri [< photo], by a car bomb that explodes next to him as he leaves his bean shop to walk to a mosque to pray, in Ain el-Hilweh, the largest Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon, over which an Israeli reconnaissance plane had flown the previous day [remnants of the car bomb >]. The mosque is frequented by members of the terrorist organization Osbat al-Ansar, suspected of links to Al Qaeda. Israel has accused al-Masri of leading Qaeda operations in Lebanon. Al-Masri is Egyptian, he is believed to frequently use the name Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah and to be about 40 years old. He ran al-Qaeda training camps in Afghanistan, including the al-Farooq camp near Kandahar.He is also believed to have been involved in the Africa embassy bombings. He came to Ain el-Hilweh, which is near Sidon, in 1997. — Reuters would receive a fax purporting to be from Youth of the Armed Struggle (which is totally unknown), saying that they killed Masri because he belonged to Jamaat an-Nour (thought to be an offshoot of Osbat al-Ansar). The fax blames Jamaat an-Nour for a string of bomb attacks in Ain el-Hilweh and for threats against prominent Palestinians in the camp. 2003 Kelly Viera, from injuries suffered in the 20 February 2003 fire of The Station nightclub in West Warwick, Rhode Island, of which she is the 98th fatality, the second one to die after the fire. 2002 Dozens more of Indian Moslems, many of them burned alive in their homes, by enraged Hindu mobs, in Gujarat state, as the police and the firefighters fail to intervene. The death toll now exceeds 200, including the 58 Hindu activist burned alive on a train by a Moslem mob on 27 February, purposefully aggravated by false rumors spread by Hindu agitators, which is what started the violence. The army today sends in troops. 2001 Claude Knafo, 29, Israeli from Tiberias, by a bomb detonated in a taxi van in Mei Ami. Nine other people, Arabs and Jews, are injured. This brings the number killed in the al-Aqsa intifada to 339 Palestinians, 58 Israelis, and 15 others. |
1998 Al menos 16 albaneses y cuatro policías serbios en Kosovo, en un enfrentamiento entre la policía de Belgrado y ciudadanos albaneses, en la peor oleada de violencia desde que terminó la guerra de Bosnia. 1995 Georg Köhler, biólogo alemán, Premio Nobel de Medicina en 1984. 1991 Edwin H Land, 81, in Cambridge, Massachusetts , inventor of polarizing filters and Polaroid instant photography. 1979 Molla Mustafa Barzani, 75, Iranian Kurd leader (KDP) 1978 Oka, mathematician. 1962 Julio Camba, escritor y periodista español. 1952 Mariano Azuela, novelista mexicano. |
^top^ 1945 Mike Strank, [photo >] by a mortar shell as he was diagramming a plan in the sand for his squad on Iwo Jima. He was the sergeant leading the 6 men who raised the flag on Mount Suribachi on 23 February 1945, subject of a famous photo.(he is the one on the left in the back) It was him who got the order to climb Mt. Suribachi. A smaller flag had already been raised. Mike picked his men and explained that the larger flag had to be raised so that "every Marine on this cruddy island can see it." It was Mike who gave the orders to find a pole, attach the flag and "put'er up!" Born in 1919 in Jarabenia, Czechoslovakia, he came to the US as a child. At home as a boy, Mike was studious, had a photographic memory, played the French Horn and once slugged a baseball out of Points Stadium in Johnstown. In 1936, Mike ran down to the river to see for himself the terrible Johnstown flood. He brought this report back to his family: "Don't worry--it will recede." Mike's right hand is the only hand of a flagraiser not on the pole. His right hand is around the wrist of Franklin Sousley, helping the younger man push the heavy pole. This is typical of Mike, the oldest of the flagraisers, always there to help one of his boys. Two months before the battle Mike's Captain tried to promote him but Mike turned it down flat: "I trained those boys and I'm going to be with them in battle," he said. ^top^ 1945 Harlon Block, [< photo] by a mortar shell, later in the day after he had taken command after Sergeant Strank had been killed. He is the rightmost one in the flag raising photo. When his mother Belle saw the Flag Raising Photo in the Weslaco Newspaper on Feb. 25, she exclaimed, "That's Harlon" pointing to the figure on the far right. But the US Government mis-identified the figure as Harry Hansen of Boston. Belle never wavered in her belief that it was Harlon insisting, "I know my boy." No one--not her family, neighbors, the Government or the public--had any reason to believe her. But eighteen months later in a sensational front-page story, a Congressional investigation revealed that it was Harlon in the photo, proving that indeed, Belle did "know her boy." Block was born in Yorktown, Texas, in 1924. He led the Weslaco Panther Football Team to the Conference Championship. He was honored as "All South Texas End." Harlon and twelve of his teammates enlisted in the Marine Corps together in 1943. |
1940 Day 92 of Winter War:
USSR aggression against Finland. ^top^ More deaths due to Stalin's desire to grab Finnish territory. Soviet troops attack delaying positions on the Isthmus The Soviet force on the Isthmus follows closely behind the Finnish troops withdrawing to the backline positions and carries out a number of assaults on the delaying positions. Soviet tanks dragging sled personnel carriers overtake the Finnish troops withdrawing to the delaying positions to the west of Perojoki. The vanguard of the Russian tanks breaks through to Ukonmäki near the main road from Viipuri to Tali. The enemy is also attacking along the Heinjoki-Lyykylä road and to the south of Viipuri. In Vuosalmi, a Soviet detachment of approximately battalion strength attacking the church hill at Äyräpää is beaten back by the defending Finnish troops. In Taipale, the command dugout in the Terenttilä sector receives a direct hit; 2 officers and 11 men are killed and a further 6 soldiers are seriously wounded. In northern Finland, Lieutenant-Colonel Magnus Dyrssen is killed by enemy shelling. Dyrssen was commander of the Swedish volunteer battalion, Stridsgruppen SFK, which had just taken over responsibility for the front in Salla. The fighting in Viipurinlahti bay leads to the establishment of a Coastal Group commanded by Jaeger Major-General K.M. Wallenius from the Lapland Group. The Western Allies announce they are ready to send 50'000 troops and aircraft to Finland if they receive an official request for help before the March 5. Finland delays its response to the peace terms put forward by the Soviet Union. Foreign Minister Tanner gives an interview to the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter. In his interview, Tanner underlines the urgent need for foreign aid, while also stressing Finland's willingness to seek peace through dialogue. Finland's civil defence chief, Lieutenant-General Sihvo urges the general public to avoid going into the towns if at all possible. In Sweden, 1500 gold rings have been collected to aid Finland. Neuvostoliittolaiset hyökkäilevät viivytysasemia vastaan Kannaksella Talvisodan 93. päivä, 01.maaliskuuta.1940 ^top^ Neuvostojoukot seuravat tiiviisti taka-asemaan vetäytyvien suomalaisten kannoilla ja hyökkäilevät viivytysasemia vastaan Kannaksella. Jalkaväkeä perässään vetävät venäläisten hyökkäysvaunut ajavatviivytysasemaan vetäytyvien suomalaisten ohi Perojoen länsipuolella. Panssarikärki tunkeutuu Ukonmäelle lähelle Viipurin ja Talin välistä maantietä. Vihollinen hyökkää myös Heinjoen- Lyykylän tien suunnassa ja Viipurin eteläpuollella. Vuosalmessa neuvostojoukot hyökkäävät Äyräpään kirkonmäkeä vastaan noin pataljoonan voimin. Suomalaiset lyövät vihollisen takaisin. Taipaleessa Terenttilän lohkolla komentokorsu, jota kutsutaan "Seurahuoneeksi" saa täysosuman: 2 upseeria ja 11 miestä saa surmansa,6 sotilasta haavoittuu vaikeasti. Rintamavastuun Sallassa ottaneen ruotsalaisen vapaaehtoispataljoonan Stridsgruppen SFK:n päällikkö, everstiluutnantti Magnus Dyrssen kaatuu vihollisen tykistötulessa. Viipurinlahden taisteluja silmälläpitäen perustetaan Rannikkoryhmä, jonka komentajaksi määrätään Lapin Ryhmästä jääkärikenraalimajuri K. M. Wallenius. Länsiliittoutuneet ilmoittavat lähettävänsä 50 000 sotilasta ja ilmavoimia, mikäli Suomi esittää virallisen avunpyynnön ennen 5.päivä maaliskuuta. Suomi viivyttää rauhanehtoihin annettavaa vastausta Neuvostoliitolle. Ulkoministeri Tanner antaa haastattelun Dagens Nyheter-lehdelle. Haastattelussaan ulkoministeri Tanner tähdentää ulkomaisen avunkiireellisyyttä samalla painottaen Suomen neuvotteluvalmiuttarauhan aikaansaamiseksi. Väestönsuojelupäällikkö, kenraaliluutnantti Sihvo kehottaa välttämään tarpeetonta oleskelua kaupungeissa. Ulkomailta: Ruotsin kultasormuskeräys on tuottanut 1500 kultasormusta. Ryssarna attackerar försvarsställningarna på Näset Vinterkrigets 93 dag, den 01 mars 1940 ^top^ Ryska trupper följer tätt efter de finska trupperna som retirerar till de bakre ställningarna och attackerar försvarsställningarna på Näset. Ryska stridsvagnar drar infanteriet efter sig och kör förbi de retirerande finnarna väster om Perojoki. Pansartäten tränger in till Ukonmäki nära landsvägen mellan Viborg och Tali. Fienden anfaller också i riktningen Heinjoki-Lyykylävägen och söder om Viborg. I Vuosalmi anfaller sovjettrupperna mot Äyräpää kyrkbacke med ungefär en bataljon. Finnarna slår tillbaka fienden. Kommandobunkern i Terenttilä-avsnittet i Taipale, som kallas "Seurahuone", är föremål för en fullträff: 2 officerare och 11 soldater dödas, 6 soldater såras allvarligt. Överstelöjtnant Magnus Dyrssen, chef för den frivilliga bataljonen Stridsgruppen SFK som övertagit frontansvaret i Salla, dödas av fiendens artillerield. Med tanke på striderna i Viborgska viken grundas Kustgruppen. Till kommendör för Kustgruppen utnämns jägargeneralmajor K. M. Wallenius från Lapplandsgruppen. De västallierade meddelar att de kommer att sända 50'000 soldater och flygvapen under förutsättningen att Finland framför en officiell anhållan om bistånd före den 5 mars. Finland dröjer med svaret på fredsvillkoren åt Sovjetunionen. Utrikesminister Tanner ger en intervju åt tidningen Dagens Nyheter. I intervjun framhäver Tanner att Finland brådskande behöver utländskt bistånd och understryker samtidigt vår villighet att förhandla om fred. Chefen för befolkningsskyddet, generallöjtnant Sihvo uppmanar medborgarna att inte vistas onödigt i städerna. Utrikes: Guldringsinsamlingen i Sverige har resulterat i 1500 guldringar. |
1938 Gabrielle d'Annunzio, 74, Italian poet/fascist (Il
fuoco) 1935 William Degouve de Nuncques, Belgian Symbolist artist born on 28 February 1867. MORE ON DEGOUVE AT ART 4 MARCH LINKS The Pink House The Angels of Night Nocturnal Effect The Black Swan — Child with Owl — Night in Bruges
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1920 Joseph Trumpeldor, killed defending Tel-Mai against
arab attack 1919 Unos 7000 coreanos que se manifiestan en pro de la independencia nacional, matados por los japoneses, ocupantes del país, quienes detienen a otros 200'000 como medida de escarmiento. 1917 Linton Clinton, Black, lynched in Thomas County, Georgia, accused of attempting to rape a White woman. 1913 Pieri, mathematician. 1911 Jacobus H van 't Hoff, 58, Dutch chemist/physicist (Nobel 1901) 1910 Will Williamson, Black, lynched in Toombs County, Georgia, accused of attempting to rape a White woman. 1910: 118 persons as 3 passenger trains are buried at Steven's Pass in Cascade Range by the worst snowslide in US history 1908 Maschke, mathematician. 1906 José María de Pereda, novelista español. 1896 The dead of the Battle of Adowa in which : 80'000 Ethiopians crush 20'000 Italians 1884 Isaac Todhunter, 63, mathematician. 1884 Ludwig Vollmar, German artist born on 07 January 1842. 1870 Francisco S. López, 43, Pres of Paraguay (1862-70) 1865 Anna Paulowna Romanova, 70, great monarch of Russia 1862 Barlow, mathematician. 1823 Hugues Merle, French painter who died on 16 March 1881. LINKS A Beggar Woman A Woman (Faisant la Cour) 1811 Jean-Simon Berthélémy, French artist born on 05 March 1743. 1810 Jean-Jacques de Boissieu, French painter born on 30 November 1736. LINKS 1803 Jean François Gille Colson, French artist born on 02 March 1733. 1704 Joseph Parrocel des Batailles, French artist born on 03 October 1646. 1643 Girolamo Frescobaldi, 59, Italian composer/organist 1633 George Herbert, 39, English poet 1619 Thomas Campion, 53, English physician/composer/poet (Poemata) 1562: 1200 (?) Huguenots. assembling for worship in a barn at Vassy are massacred by soldiers of the Roman Catholic Guise family.This precipitated the first of the Wars of Religion in France. 1383 Amadeus VI, 49, (Green Earl), earl of Savoy 1131 Stephen II, King of Hungary (1116-1131) 0965 Leo VIII, pope of dubious validity, puppet of emperor Otho I 0492 Pope Saint Felix III |
Births which occurred
on a March 01: 1993 La Unión Internacional de Comunicaciones (ITUT) nace; hasta la fecha era conocida por CCITT. |
1961 The Peace
Corps is established ^top^ US President John F. Kennedy issues Executive Order #10924, creating the Peace Corps as a new agency within the Department of State. The same day, he sent a message to Congress asking for permanent funding for the agency, which would send trained American men and women to foreign nations to assist in development efforts. The Peace Corps captured the imagination of the US public, and during the week after its creation thousands of letter poured into Washington from young Americans hoping to volunteer. The immediate precursor of the Peace Corps--the Point Four Youth Corps--was proposed by Representative Henry Reuss of Wisconsin in the late 1950s. Senator Kennedy learned of the Reuss proposal during his 1960 presidential campaign and, sensing growing public enthusiasm for the idea, decided to add it to his platform. In early October 1960, he sent a message to the Young Democrats that called for the establishment of a "Youth Peace Corps," and on 14 October he first publicly spoke of the Peace Corps idea at an early morning speech at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The night before, he had engaged Vice President Richard Nixon in the third presidential debate and was surprised to find an estimated 10'000 students waiting up to hear him speak when he arrived at the university at 02:00. The assembled students heard the future president issue a challenge: How many of them, he asked, would be willing to serve their country and the cause of freedom by living and working in the developing world for years at a time? The Peace Corps proposal gained momentum in the final days of Kennedy's campaign, and on 08 November he was narrowly elected the 35th president of the United States. On 20 January 1961, in Kennedy's famous inaugural address, he promised aid to the poor of the world. "To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery," he said, "we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required--not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right." He also appealed to US citizens to "ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." After 01 March, thousands of young people in the US answered this call to duty by volunteering for the Peace Corps. The agency, which was headed by Kennedy's brother-in-law, R. Sargent Shriver, eventually chose some 750 volunteers to serve in 13 nations in 1961. In August, Kennedy hosted a White House ceremony to honor the first Peace Corps volunteers. The 51 Americans who later landed in Accra, Ghana, for two years of service immediately made a favorable impression on their hosts when they gathered on the airport tarmac to sing the Ghanaian national anthem in Twi, the local language. On 22 September 1961, Kennedy signed congressional legislation creating a permanent Peace Corps that would "promote world peace and friendship" through three goals: (1) to help the peoples of interested countries in meeting their need for trained men and women; (2) to help promote a better understanding of Americans on the part of the peoples served; and (3) to help promote a better understanding of other peoples on the part of Americans. By the end of 1963, 7000 volunteers were in the field, serving in 44 Third World countries. In 1966, Peace Corps enrollment peaked, with more than 15,000 volunteers in 52 countries. Budget cuts later reduced the number of Peace Corps volunteers, but at the end of the century more than 7000 Peace Corps volunteers were serving in over 70 countries. Since 1961, more than 161'000 Americans have joined the Peace Corps, serving in 134 nations. Newly elected President John F. Kennedy issues an executive order establishing the Peace Corps. It proved to be one of the most innovative and highly publicized Cold War programs set up by the United States. During the course of his campaign for the presidency in 1960, Kennedy floated the idea that a new "army" should be created by the United States. This force would be made up of civilians who would volunteer their time and skills to travel to underdeveloped nations to assist them in any way they could. To fulfill this plan, Kennedy issued an executive order on 01 March 1961 establishing the Peace Corps as a trial program. Kennedy sent a message to Congress asking for its support and made clear the significance of underdeveloped nations to the United States. The people of these nations were "struggling for economic and social progress." "Our own freedom," Kennedy continued, "and the future of freedom around the world, depend, in a very real sense, on their ability to build growing and independent nations where men can live in dignity, liberated from the bonds of hunger, ignorance, and poverty." Many in Congress, and the US public, were skeptical about the program's costs and the effectiveness of American aid to what were perceived to be "backward" nations, but Kennedy's warning about the dangers in the underdeveloped world could not be ignored. Revolutions were breaking out around the globe and many of these conflicts-such as in Laos, the Congo, and elsewhere-were in danger of becoming Cold War battlefields. Several months later, Congress voted to make the Corps permanent. During the 1960s and 1970s, thousands of Americans especially young people flocked to serve in dozens of nations, particularly in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Working side by side with the people of these nations, Peace Corps volunteers helped build sewer and water systems; constructed and taught in schools; assisted in developing new crops and agricultural methods to increase productivity; and participated in numerous other projects. Volunteers often faced privation and sometimes danger, and they were not always welcomed by foreign people suspicious of American motives. Overall, however, the program was judged a success in terms of helping to "win the hearts and minds" of people in the underdeveloped world. The program continues to function, and thousands of persons in the US each year are drawn to the humanitarian mission and sense of adventure that characterizes the Peace Corps. |
1947 International Monetary Fund begins operations.
1940 Native son, novel by Richard Wright, is published 1935 Judith Rossner, author. 1931 José de Jesús Fajardo-Cázares, in municipio de San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato. 1922 Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli Prime Minister and Nobel Peace Prize winner, murdered by a Jewish extremist on 04 November 1995. 1921 Terrence "Cardinal" Cooke NY 1917 Robert Lowell (Pulitzer Prize-winning poet: Lord Weary's Castle [1947], The Dolphin [1974]; National Book Award for Poetry [1960]). He died on 12 September 1977. 1904 Dubreil, mathematician.
1882 Edgar Alwin Payne, US painter who died in 1947. LINKS 1880 Lytton Strachey, English biographer and critic who died on 21 January 1932.
1853 Henri-Jules-Jean Geoffroy Geo, French painter who died in 1924. Le Compliment un jour de fête à l'école 1848 Augustus Saint-Gaudens, US sculptor who died on 03 August 1907. 1842 Nicolas Gysis, Greek artist who died on 04 January 1901.
1818 Adriaan de Braekeleer, Belgian artist who died in 1904. 1810 Frédéric Chopin, Poland, composer/pianist (Concert in F Minor) [NS]. He died on 17 October 1849. Frédéric Chopin est né à Zelazowa-Wola, en Pologne, d'une mère polonaise et d'un père français. 1779 Jacob Gottfried Weber, composer. 1732 William Maxwell Cushing, US jurist, first Supreme Court appointee, who died on 13 September 1810. 1730 Anton Wilhelm Tischbein, German artist who died on 01 November 1804. 1711 The Spectator, primera publicación periodística diaria en Inglaterra,.publica su primer número. 1644 Simon Foucher, French ecclesiastic philosopher who died on 27 April 1696. 1630 Ferdinand van Apshoven II, Flemish artist who died in 1694. 1629 Abraham Teniers, Flemish artist who died on 26 September 1670. 1611 Pell, mathematician. 1597 La Faille, mathematician. 1494 or 1495 Francesco Ubertini Verdi Bacchiaca, Italian artist who died on 05 October 1557. 1456 Wladyslaw Jagiello, king of Bohemia/Hungary (1471/90-1516) 1389 Antoninus, Archbishop of Florence who died on 02 May 1459. |