Births which occurred on
a July 05: ^top^
2000 Ginaya Farran, in the defendants' cage in the criminal court
of judge Abdel-Munem Othman in Damietta, Egypt. Her mother, Amal Ahmed
Farran, 35, went into labor right after being sentenced to 3 years at
hard labor for drug trafficking. Ginaya means Felony in Arabic. Under
Egyptian law, mothers can keep their children in jail with them until
they reach the age of four.
1983 Baby girl born in Roanoke, Virginia, to a mother brain
dead for 84 days.
1946 The
“bikini” swimsuit.
^top^
French designer Louis Reard unveils
a daring two-piece swimsuit at the Piscine Molitor,l in Paris.
Parisian showgirl Micheline Bernardini modeled the new fashion,
which Reard dubbed "bikini," inspired by a news-making US atomic
test that took place off the Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean
earlier that week. European women first began wearing two-piece
bathing suits that consisted of a halter top and shorts in the
1930s, but only a sliver of the midriff was revealed and the
navel was vigilantly covered. In the United States, the modest
two-piece made its appearance during World War II, when wartime
rationing of fabric saw the removal of the skirt panel and other
superfluous material. Meanwhile, in Europe, fortified coastlines
and Allied invasions curtailed beach life during the war, and
swimsuit development, like everything else non-military, came
to a standstill. In 1946, Western Europeans joyously greeted
the first war-free summer in years, and French designers came
up with fashions to match the liberated mood of the people.
Two French designers, Jacques Heim and Louis Reard, developed
competing prototypes of the bikini. Heim called his the "atom"
and advertised it as "the world's smallest bathing suit." Reard's
swimsuit, which was basically a bra top and two inverted triangles
of cloth connected by string, was in fact significantly smaller.
Made out of a scant 75 cm of fabric, Reard promoted his creation
as "smaller than the world's smallest bathing suit." Reard called
his creation the bikini, named after the Bikini Atoll.
In planning the debut of his
new swimsuit, Reard had trouble finding a professional model
who would deign to wear the scandalously skimpy two-piece. So
he turned to Micheline Bernardini, an exotic dancer at the Casino
de Paris, who had no qualms about appearing nearly nude in public.
As an allusion to the headlines that he knew his swimsuit would
generate, he printed newspaper type across the suit that Bernardini
modeled on 05 July at the Piscine Molitor. The bikini was a
hit, especially among men, and Bernardini received some 50'000
fan letters. Before long, bold young women in bikinis were causing
a sensation along the Mediterranean coast. Spain and Italy passed
measures prohibiting bikinis on public beaches but later capitulated
to the changing times when the swimsuit grew into a mainstay
of European beaches in the 1950s. Reard's business soared, and
in advertisements he kept the bikini mystique alive by declaring
that a two-piece suit wasn't a genuine bikini "unless it could
be pulled through a wedding ring." In prudish America, the bikini
was successfully resisted until the early 1960s, when a new
emphasis on youthful liberation brought the swimsuit en masse
to US beaches. It was immortalized by the pop singer Brian Hyland,
who sang "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka-Dot Bikini"
in 1960, by the teenage "beach blanket" movies of Annette Funicello
and Frankie Avalon, and by the California surfing culture celebrated
by rock groups like the Beach Boys. Since then, the popularity
of the bikini has hardly diminished; though on beaches in Brazil
and the Mediterranean today, many women favor the "monokini,"
a swimsuit style that consists solely of a bikini bottom. |
1911 Luis Díez del Corral, profesor y académico español.
1902 Henry Cabot Lodge (R) politician (VP candidate 1960); ambassador
(U.N., Viet Nam)
1900 Bernard Cardinal Alfrink cardinal of Ultrecht Netherlands
1889 Jean Cocteau France, writer/artist/film maker (Le Potamak)
— Jean Cocteau, escritor y cineasta francés.
1886 Willem Drees PM of Netherland (1948-58)
1885 André Lhote, French Cubist painter and sculptor who died
on 24 January 1962. — LINKS
1883 John Maynard Keynes, economista británico.
1871 Miguel Asín Palacios, arabista y filólogo español.
1868 William Henry Singer Jr., US artist who died in 1943.
1865
The Christian Mission (future Salvation Army)
^top^
In the East End of London, England,
revivalist preacher William Booth, with the assistance of his
wife, Catherine, established the Christian Mission, later known
as the Salvation Army. Determined to wage war against the twin
evils of poverty and religious indifference with the efficiency
of a military organization, Booth modeled his Protestant sect
after the British army, labeling uniformed ministers as "officers"
and new members as "recruits."
A Methodist minister, Booth preached
the religious doctrines subscribed to by mainstream Protestant
evangelical denominations at the time. However, the Christian
Mission was unique in its commitment to establishing a presence
in the most forsaken neighborhoods and in its provision for
the absolute equality of women within the sect. Soup kitchens
were the first in a long line of a variety of projects designed
to provide physical and spiritual assistance to the destitute.
In 1878, the organization was
renamed the Salvation Army, and two years later the first US
branch opened in Pennsylvania. During the Great Depression,
the Salvation Army provided food and lodging for those in need,
and during both World Wars distinguished itself by its work
with the armed services.
Today, the Salvation Army, still
based in London, has branches in more than seventy-five countries.
The Army operates hospitals, emergency and disaster services,
alcoholic and drug rehabilitation programs, community centers,
social work centers, second-hand stores, and recreation facilities.
Voluntary contributions and profits from the sale of its publications
fund the organization. |
1853 Cecil John Rhodes, in England, South African politician,
diamond merchant. Il fut surnommé Le Napoléon du Cap. Élu Premier Ministre
de la colonie anglaise du Cap, il prit activement par à la guerre contre
les Boers. Sa statue domine la ville de Cap Town.
1840 Miguel Jadraque y Sánchez de Ocaña, pintor español.
1828 Paul Joseph Constantin Gabriel, Dutch artist who died on
23 August 1903.
1810 Phineas Taylor Barnum Bethel Conn, circus promoter (Barnum
and Bailey "The Greatest Show on Earth")
1801 David G. Farragut, in Knoxville Tenn, naval hero (Civil
War Union Navy Admiral: "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead.")
1950 Pvt. Kenneth Shadrick of Skin Fork WV, who would become the
first US serviceman to die in the Korean War.
1794 Sylvester Graham developed graham cracker
1781 Sir Stamford Raffles founded Singapore.
1761 Louis-Léopold Boilly, French portrait and genre painter who
died on 04 January 1845. — MORE
ON BOILLY AT ART “4” JULY —
LINKS
— Portrait
of a Child — La
Paresse — Diane
et Médor (1829) (2 dogs in human poses) — Portrait
Studies — Study
for "La vaccine" — Les Antiquaires
— Les Lunettes,
— Finissez
Donc (Le Baiser) (color lithograph) — Young
Woman Ironing — Madame
Vincent — Sarah
Bowdoin
— The Geography
Lesson |
On
a July 05: 
2000
Sagar and 9 other Royal Bengal tigers, of unknown causes, while seven
of the 45 surviving tigers are in critical condition at the overcrowded
and underfunded Nandankanan Zoo, in Bhubaneshwar, capital of Orissa state,
India. The zoo does not have a staff veterinarian. Two of the dead tigers
are of the rare white variety, of which no other zoo in the world has
as many as this one. (Actually Sagar was the first to die, 000704 evening
local time) [photo: one of the dead tigers being carried away for
a post-mortem, 000705]
