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Events, deaths, births, of JUL 17 [For Jul 17 Julian go to Gregorian date: 1583~1699: Jul 27 1700s: Jul 28 1800s: Jul 29 1900~2099: Jul 30] |
On
a July 17: 2002 At 06:21, 28 members of a Spanish special forces team drop from helicopters onto Perejil (Leila for the Moroccans) island, 200x550 meters, 200 m from Morocco's Meditarrenean coast, 6 km from Spain's Moroccan enclave Ceuta (which, together with the other enclave, Melilla, Morocco claims, just as Spain claims Gibraltar). The Spanish troops swiftly reach the outcrop's summit, raise the Spanish flag, and from a helicopter use megaphones to demand the surrender of the six Moroccans marines, who, the day before, had replaced the 12 Moroccan gendarmes who, on 11 July 2002, had occupied the normally uninhabited controverted island, and raised the Moroccan flag. The Moroccans surrender and are handed over to Morocco. The whole operation takes less than one hour. [see the Reuters story] 2000 Bashar Assad, son of Hafez Assad, began a seven-year term as Syria's 16th head of state. 2000 Commémoration de la rafle du Vél'd'Hiv. ^top^ La première journée nationale à la mémoire des crimes racistes et antisémites de l'Etat Français est célébrée le jour anniversaire de la rafle. Le ministre délégué à l'Enseignement professionnel, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, affirme que le souvenir de la rafle du Vél' d'Hiv doit être celui d'une journée de " deuil et de honte pour les Français ". La loi instaurant cette journée nationale a été votée à l'unanimité le 10 Jul 2000. Les 16 Jul et 17 Jul 1942, quelque 4500 policiers français avaient arrêté à leur domicile parisien 13'000 juifs, rassemblés ensuite dans l'ancien vélodrome avant d'être déportés. A l’été 1942, la puissance nazie est à son apogée : les troupes de Hitler occupent toute l’Europe et, bien qu’elles aient échoué devant Moscou et Leningrad, elles occupent une grande partie de l’Ouest de l‘URSS. En Afrique du Nord, malgré la victoire des forces de la France Libre à Bir Hakeim en juin 1942, l’issue des combats entre les Anglais et l’Afrika Korps est encore incertaine. En juillet 1942, rien n’indique encore le début d’un reflux. Malgré le coup d’arrêt à l’expansion japonaise à Midway en juin 1942, sur le front européen, ce n’est qu’en septembre que les Allemands sont arrêtés à Stalingrad et en novembre qu’a lieu le débarquement en Afrique du nord et le coup d’arrêt d’El Alamein. En France, les conditions de l’armistice prévalent encore à l’été 1942; ce n’est qu’en novembre 1942 que la zone libre sera occupée par les Allemands et leurs alliés italiens. Pétain est à la tête de l’état et son premier ministre, Laval, symbolise la collaboration: il dit souhaiter la victoire de l’Allemagne. La rafle du Vél'd’Hiv vit la déportation de 12800 Juifs parisiens à la demande des Allemands, tout au moins pour les adultes, les enfants ayant été livrés sur l’initiative du chef du gouvernement, Laval. Auparavant, le régime de Vichy avait promulgué en octobre 1940 le statut des Juifs, qui excluait ceux-ci de nombreuses professions et les mettait à part de la communauté nationale. De leur côté, les nazis ont décidé en janvier 1942 d’exterminer tous les Juifs d’Europe (conférence de Wannsee) et exigent des pays occupés qu’ils livrent les juifs, qui sont envoyés dans les camps d’extermination de Pologne, en particulier Auschwitz. 5 millions de Juifs seront ainsi exterminés. C’est la police française ( et non la milice, qui n’existe pas encore en juillet 1942) qui a procédé aux arrestations. En France, le bilan sera moins lourd, environ 25% de la communauté juive a péri. Le chiffre ne fut pas aussi élevé que dans le reste de l’Europe grâce à « l’action héroïque et fraternelle de nombreuses familles françaises ». Mais sur 78'000 déportés, seuls 3000 sont revenus. Extrait de l'allocution de Jacques Chirac: Je veux me souvenir que cet été 1942, qui révèle le vrai visage de la "collaboration", dont le caractère raciste, après les lois anti-juives de 1940, ne fait plus de doute, sera, pour beaucoup de nos compatriotes, celui du sursaut, le point de départ d'un vaste mouvement de résistance. Je veux me souvenir de toutes les familles juives traquées, soustraites aux recherches impitoyables de l'occupant et de la Milice, par l'action héroïque et fraternelle de nombreuses familles françaises. J'aime à penser qu'un mois plus tôt, à Bir Hakeim, les Français libres de Koenig avaient héroïquement tenu, deux semaines durant, face aux divisions allemandes et italiennes. Certes, il y a les erreurs commises, il y a les fautes, il y a une faute collective. Mais il y a aussi la France, une certaine idée de la France, droite, généreuse, fidèle à ses traditions, à son génie. Cette France n'a jamais été à Vichy. Elle n'est plus, et depuis longtemps, à Paris. Elle est dans les sables libyens et partout où se battent des Français libres. Elle est à Londres, incarnée par le Général de Gaulle. Elle est présente, une et indivisible, dans le cœur de ces Français, ces "Justes parmi les nations" qui, au plus noir de la tourmente, en sauvant au péril de leur vie, comme l'écrit Serge Klarsfeld, les trois-quarts de la communauté juive résidant en France, ont donné vie à ce qu'elle a de meilleur. Les valeurs humanistes, les valeurs de liberté, de justice, de tolérance qui fondent l'identité française et nous obligent. |
1998 At the close of the three-day Rome Conference, in which more
than 130 government participated, the first countries to sign the Statute
of the International Criminal Court (to which the US considers itself
superior) are: Bolivia, Cameroon, Congo (Brazzaville), Liberia, Mali,
Malta, Niger, Samoa, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. 1998 The remains of Tsar Nicholas II and his family (including Anastasia) are buried in St. Petersburg in a ceremony attended by President Boris Yeltsin. 1997 Clinton backs Web ratings. President Clinton announced his support for a voluntary ratings system for Web sites that would let parents control what their children could see on the Internet. At the same time, the Federal Trade Commission announces that it will prosecute Web sites that collect personal information from children.
1991 The US Senate voted 53-to-45 to give itself a $23,000 pay raise while at the same time banning outside speaking fees. 1990 Iraq's dictator Hussein's Revolutionary Day speech claims Kuwait stole oil from Iraq. His invasion of Kuwait on August 2 led to the Persian Gulf War. |
1989 L’Autriche dépose sa candidature officielle à l'entrée
dans la Communauté.Européenne 1987 “Iran-Contra” hearings Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North and rear Admiral John Poindexter begin testifying to Congress. 1979 Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza resigned and fled into exile in Miami.
1967 Race riots in Cairo Illinois 1966 Ho Chi Minh, 76, orders a partial mobilization of North Vietnam to defend against US airstrikes. El presidente de Vietnam del Norte, Ho Chi Minh ordena la movilización parcial del país. 1962 US Senate rejects Medicare for the aged 1960 Francis Gary Powers, 30, pleads guilty to spying charges in a Moscow court after his U-2 spy plane was shot down on 1 May 1960 over the Soviet Union. Powers was sentenced to 10 years in prison. He was released in 1962, however, in exchange for the Soviet spy Rudolf Abel. Powers about the incident in Operation Overflight (1970). He died on 1 March 1977 in the crash of a helicopter that he flew as a reporter for a Los Angeles TV station. .. 1959 Mary Leakey, 46, discovers, at Olduvai Gorge in Kenya, the 600'000-years-old skull of an early hominid named Zinjanthropus by her husband Louis Leakey, though it is now regarded as a type of australopithecine 1959 Tibet abolishes serfdom 1954 Theodor Heuss es reelegido presidente de la República Federal Alemana, por 871 votos de la Asamblea Federal. 1954 Construction begins on Disneyland. . 1948 Proclamation of the constitution of the Republic of (South) Korea 1946 Chinese Communists begin an offensive against the Nationalist army on the Yangtze River. |
1945 Allied summit at Potsdam
starts ^top^ Near the end of World War II, US President Harry S. Truman, Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill meet at Potsdam outside Berlin, to discuss the continuing war against Japan and Allied policy in defeated Germany and liberated Europe. It is the first Allied conference for President Truman, who had succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon his death on 12 April. The issues at hand for the Big Three and their staffs were the administration of a defeated Germany; the postwar borders of Poland; the occupation of Austria; the Soviet Union's "place" in Eastern Europe; war reparations; and the continuing war in the Pacific. Various disputes broke out almost immediately, especially over the Soviet Union's demand that the western border of Poland extend into German territory, granting Poland a zone of occupation. But the four zones of occupation that had been worked out at the Yalta Conference in February were finally agreed upon, to be created in both Germany and Austria and to be controlled by the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. A council composed of representatives of the four great powers was also established to determine the fate of Germany and Austria as nations. The council was to pursue the Five D's: demilitarization, denazification, decentralization, deindustrialization, and democratization. The Soviets reaffirmed their intention of declaring war against Japan. It was agreed that unconditional surrender would be demanded of Japan, despite a warning by the Japanese emperor that such a demand would be resisted. Unlike previous Allied conferences, Potsdam was marked by suspicion and defensiveness on the part of the participants. Now that the war was over in the West, each nation was more concerned with its own long-term interests than that of its partners. Winston Churchill in particular was greatly suspicious of Joseph Stalin's agenda for the Soviet Union's role in Eastern Europe. Stalin refused to negotiate the future of those Eastern European nations now occupied by Soviet forces and the Soviet annexation of the eastern regions of Poland was finalized. On 25 July, Churchill returned to Britain for national elections, and he was forced to resign as prime minister following the Labor Party victory. With Churchill gone from the final negotiations of the conference, the Iron Curtain could be heard descending across Eastern Europe. Clement Atlee, the new British prime minister, went to Potsdam with his Labor advisers, and on August 2, the conference ended. During the first day of talks, Truman receives a coded message indicating that the atomic bomb test held in New Mexico the previous day had succeeded, and he immediately informs Churchill. On 24 July, Truman, who had commanded an artillery division during World War I that fired poison gas, would give his final approval of use of the atomic bomb against Japan. The same day, Stalin was informed of the existence of the devastating new weapon. However, as he had already been informed of the Los Alamos test from Soviet intelligence, he only feigned a casual interest in the atomic bomb. Four days after the end of the conference, on 06 August, the US dropped its first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, destroying the city and its military and civilian population. On 08 August, the USSR declared war against Japan, and, on 09 August, the Red Army invaded Manchuria. The same day, the United States dropped its second atomic bomb on Japan, destroying Nagasaki, a coastal city. Faced with the choice of destruction or surrender, Japan chose the latter. On 15 August, Emperor Hirohito announced the Japanese surrender on national radio, urging the Japanese people to "endure the unendurable," and the most destructive war in human history had come to an end. |
1945 Se aprueba bajo el régimen de Franco el Fuero de los Españoles,
carta magna de derechos individuales que no recogía los principios del
pluralismo político ni los más elementales derechos de un estado democrático. 1944 Field Marshall Erwin Rommel, 52, is injured in France when his staff car rolls over under attack by a British fighter-bomber. He had almost 3 more months to live until Hitler found out that the conspirators against his life had planned to replace him with Rommel, and therefore forced Rommel to take poison on 14 October. 1943 Los estadounidenses y los japoneses se envuelven en una batalla naval cerca de la isla de Bougainville en el Pacífico. 1943 Hitler convence a Mussolini para continuar con la guerra. 1941 Weygand délégué de Vichy en Afrique du Nord. Pétain nomme son ministre de la Défense nationale, le général Weygand, délégué général en Afrique du Nord. Il signera les accords qui permettront aux Américains de débarquer en 1942. 1941 El coronel cubano Fulgencio Batista anuncia la constitución de un nuevo gabinete.
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1936 Début de la guerre civile en Espagne. Elle ensanglantera
tout le pays pendant près de trois ans. A la tête des nationalistes,
le général Francisco Franco a pris les armes contre la République, proclamée
en 1931. Il instaurera un régime totalitaire. The Spanish
Civil War begins as a series of military insurrections throughout
the country. The war lasted until 28 March 1939, when the Republican
armies had collapsed and the Nationalists entered Madrid. Se inicia
en Melilla el alzamiento militar contra la Segunda República Española
que desencadenará la Guerra Civil Española. 1934 La Asamblea brasileña elige presidente constitucional a Getúlio Vargas. 1923 En el Instituto de Investigación del Cáncer de la Charité de Berlín se crea un nuevo departamento par la investigación celular experimental. 1922 El general español Ricardo Burguete es nombrado alto comisario de España en Marruecos. 1919 Finlandia se constituye en República constitucional. 1917 En el pueblo portugués de Fátima, tres pequeños pastores aseguran que se les aparece la Virgen María. 1917 British Royal family changes its name from Hanover to Windsor (UK is fighting Germany in WW I)
1901 La peste llega a Turquía. 1898 Spanish American War Spaniards surrender to US General William R. Shafter at Santiago de Cuba. 1897 1st ship arrives in Seattle carrying gold from the Yukon
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1863 Engagement at Honey Springs, Indian Territory (now Oklahoma)
1863 Siege of Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, South Carolina continues 1863 Battle of Honey Springs, largest battle of war in Indian Territory 1862 US President Lincoln approves the Second Confiscation Act, which declares that any slaves whose owners were in rebellion against the government, would be freed when they came into contact with the Union army. 1862 US army authorized to accept blacks as laborers 1861 US Congress authorizes paper money 1821 Andrew Jackson becomes the governor of Florida. 1821 Spain ceded Florida to the United States 1815 Napoléon Bonaparte surrenders to the British at Rochefort, France.
1785 France limits the importation of goods from Britain. 1775 1st US military hospital approved 1549 Jews are expelled from Ghent Belgium 1505 Twenty-one-year-old future church reformer, Martin Luther enters the Augustinian religious order, at Erfurt, Germany. 1453 France defeats England at Castillon, France, ending the 100 Years' War.
0561 John III begins his reign as Pope 0431 Fifth session of Council of Ephesus adjourns. This third of the 21 ecumenical councils of theChurch condemned Nestorianism and Pelagianism, and defined Mary's title as 'theotokos' ('Bearer of God'). The 7th and last session would be held on July 31 Fin de la 5ème session du Concile d’Ephèse, au cours duquel les Pères de l’Eglise, convoqué par l’Empereur Théodose II, consacrent la Maternité Divine de la Vierge Marie. |
Deaths
which occurred on a July 17: 2002 Adrian Andres, 30, Romanian; a Southeast Asian, an Israeli, and Palestinian suicide bombers Mohammed Attala, 18, and Ibrahim Najie, 19, at 22:10 on Neve She'anan Street near the old central bus station in south Tel Aviv, in an area with foreign workers, including most of the 25 injured. 2002 A Palestinian terrorist and Israeli Lt. Elad Grenadir, 21 [photo >], from Haifa, in 05:30-to-08:00 gun battle between Israeli army and the 3 or 4 who attacked a bus neer Immanuel enclave settlement, West Bank, the previous afternoon. 2002 Premature Israeli boy, who had been revived after 40 minutes of effort when delivered clinically dead 12 hours earlier by emergency caesarian section to save the life of the mother, Yehudit Weinberg, 22, critically injured by seven bullets in the Immanuel bus attack the previous afternoon. 2001 Omar Saadeh, his cousin Mohammed Saadeh, and Taha Aruj, and many baby chicks, by missiles from an Israeli helicopter to the Bethleem farm building where they were. Omar Saadeh and Aruj were senior activists in the Islamic militant group Hamas who Palestinian security sources said were long wanted by Israel. A fourth person is hospitalized in critical condition and dies soon afterwards. Saadeh and Aruj were senior activists of Hamas 2000 56 persons on the ground and on board a jet which crashes into two homes in Patna, India.
1984 Angela Wong, 11, murdered by drowning in a shallow creek in Massapequa, New York City suburb, by neighbor Manuel L. Pacheco, 15, whose sexual attempt she had refused. On 21 March 2002, Pacheco, then 33, would be arrested in Los Angeles for that murder. 1981 114 persons, as a pair of walkways above the lobby of the Kansas City Hyatt Regency Hotel collapses during a "tea dance." 1967 John Coltrane, une des 4 grandes figures (avec Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong et Charlie Parker), sans lesquelles le jazz eut poursuivi d’autres voies, entretenu d’autres chimères …. Il a apporté la richesse de l’invention créatrice, le foisonnement des thèmes et cette fameuse "fuite en avant" qui l’amène à de si longs et de si hallucinés "solos". 1959 Alfred James Munnings, British artist born on 08 October 1878. LINKS
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1946 Dragoljub "Draza" Mihailovic, 53, chetnik leader,
executed by Tito regime, allegedly for treason (almost certainly false). 1944: 322 persons as a pair of ammunition ships explodes in Port Chicago, Calif. 1932 Joaquín Salvador Lavado "Quino", humorista argentino. 1928 General Alvaro Obregón, 48, president of Mexico, assassinated 1925 Carlos París, profesor de filosofía y escritor español. 1913 Roger Garaudy, filósofo y escritor francés. 1912 Henri Poincaré, 58, mathematician who can be said to have been the originator of algebraic topology and of the theory of analytic functions of several complex variables. He made this remark :"Science is built up with facts, as a house is with stones. But a collection of facts is no more a science than a heap of stones is a house." La Science et l'hypothèse. Henri Poincaré, born on 29 April 1854, was a French mathematician, theoretical astronomer, and philosopher of science who influenced cosmogony, relativity, and topology and was a gifted interpreter of science to a wide public. 1911 Rufino José Cuervo, filólogo y humanista colombiano. 1909 Arthur Walker, mathematician. 1909 Pincus Marcius Simons, US artist born in 1867. 1879 Maurycy Gottlieb, Polish artist born on 12 February 1856. 1869 Hanno Rhomberg, German artist born in 1820. 1863 Jakob Ber Moise Jacobber, French artist born in 1786. 1836 William White, 88, US patriarch of the Episcopalians. First bishop of US Anglicanism, it was White who coined the name 'Protestant Episcopal' for the new denomination. |
1793 Marie-Anne Charlotte de
Corday d'Armont, 24 ans, guillotinée
^top^ Elle naquit le 27 Jul 1768 aux Champeaux, à la ferme du Ronceray, une maison de pays typique que son père avait achetée en 1765. Charlotte Corday était le quatrième enfant de petits nobles. Sa mère s'appelait Charlotte-Marie Gautier des Authieux et son père Jacques-François de Corday d'Armont. Il était l'arrière petit fils de Marie Corneille, soeur de Thomas et de Pierre Corneille, le dramaturge. Charlotte a été baptisée dans l'Eglise Saint-Saturnin de Lignerits, à côté des Champeaux, le lendemain de sa naissance. Elle a grandi au Manoir de Cauvigny et à la Ferme du Bois, pas très loin de l'endroit où elle est née. A l'âge de huit ans Charlotte fut placée chez son oncle, l'Abbé de Corday, qui à l'époque était le curé de Vicques. La famille s'est installée par la suite à Caen, où la mère de Charlotte décéda le 08 Apr 1782. Au printemps de cette même année, Charlotte fut admise, avec sa soeur Eléonore, à l'Abbaye aux Dames comme pensionnaire. En pleine Terreur, l'assassinat de Jean-Paul Marat, "l'Ami du Peuple", a fait de Charlotte Corday l'héroine de tout un peuple. Après son geste, elle a été immédiatement arrêtée et emprisonnée à la Conciergerie. Elle fut questionnée (torturée), jugée et exécutée sur moins de 3 jours. L'issue de son procès ne faisait aucun doute : elle était condamnée à mort. Le 17 juillet 1793, vers 19 heures, après avoir monté les marches de l'échafaud, elle a été guillotinée. L'exploit de Charlotte, L'Ange de l'Assassinat, est rentré dans la légende. Peu de personnages de la Révolution Française n'ont eu autant de gloire et de popularité à travers les siècles. Après la fermeture en 1791 de l'Abbaye aux Dames à Caen, Charlotte a vécu chez sa cousine, Madame Le Coustellier de Bretteville-Gouville, au 148 de la rue Saint-Jean. Le 9 juillet 1793, Charlotte quitta l'appartement de sa cousine et prit la diligence pour Paris. Elle descendit à l'Hôtel de Providence. Elle rédigea un long texte intitulé Adresse aux Français amis des lois et de la paix, qui expliquait le geste qu'elle allait commettre. Le 13 Jul 1793, à Paris, elle a demandé un rendez-vous à Marat à son domicile sis 30, rue des Cordeliers. Marat le lui a accordé; en disant qu'elle "avait des révélations à lui faire" sur un complot girondin et qu'il était à même de "rendre un grand service à la France", elle a réussi à obtenir une audience auprès de lui, en soirée. Il l'a reçue dans sa baignoire (il prenait des bains de moutarde pour une maladie de la peau). Il corrige des épreuves de son journal L'Ami du peuple. Charlotte a un couteau de table "à manche à bois brun à virole d'argent, acheté quarante sols au Palais-Royal". Alors que Marat lui demande les noms des conjurés, elle sort le couteau de son fichu rose et le lui plante dans la carotide. Marat hurle avant de mourir : "A moi, ma chère amie !" Trois jours plus tard, Charlotte Corday déclare devant le tribunal : "Je savais que Marat pervertissait la France. J'ai tué un homme pour en sauver cent mille, un scélérat pour sauver des innocents, une bête féroce pour donner le repos à mon pays." Au cours de la Révolution Française, Charlotte est devenue républicaine. Elle fut frappée par les exactions du Pouvoir contre les Girondins (la Proscription des Girondins 02 Jun 1793), qui se réfugièrent à Caen. Charlotte ne croyait plus aux possibilités de l'instauration d'une République. Elle considérait que Jean-Paul Marat, qui réclamait de plus en plus de têtes chaque jour, était le grand responsable de tous les malheurs qui se sont abattus sur le peuple français. Marat était l'un des chefs les plus acharnés de la Révolution Française. Animé d'une pitié maladive devant les maux des petites gens, il n'en fut pas moins l'artisan de la chute des Girondins et l'instigateur des massacres de septembre. Jean Paul Marat, one of the most outspoken leaders of the French Revolution, is stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday. Originally a doctor, Marat founded the journal L’Ami du Peuple in 1789, and its fiery criticism of those in power was a contributing factor to the bloody turn of the Revolution in 1792. In August of that year, with the arrest of the king, Marat was elected as a deputy of Paris to the Convention. In France’s revolutionary legislature, Marat opposed the Girondists; a faction made up of moderate republicans who advocated a constitutional government and continental war. In 1793, Charlotte Corday, the daughter of an impoverished aristocrat and an ally of the Girondists in Normandy, came to regard Marat as the unholy enemy of France, and plotted his assassination. Leaving her native Caen for Paris, she had planned to kill Marat at the Bastille Day parade on July 14, but was forced to seek him out in his home when the festivities were cancelled. On July 13, she gained an audience with Marat by promising to betray the Caen Girondists. Marat, who had a persistent skin disease, was working as usual in his bath. Charlotte Corday began giving him the names of alleged foes. Marat remarked, "We'll soon have them all guillotined in Paris!" then Corday pulled a knife from her bodice and stabbed him in his chest. He died almost immediately, and Corday waited calmly for the police to come and arrest her. Although Corday denied the existence of a conspiracy, many people refused to believe that a young woman would commit such a crime without being prompted and encouraged. She was guillotined four days after the murder. |
1790 Johann(II) Bernoulli, mathematician 1762 Peter III Fyodorovich, Emperor of Russia, is killed in a brawl after his abdication and arrest. His wife, Catherine II, takes the throne. 1747 Jacques Ignatius de Roore, Flemish artist born on 20 July 1686. 1686 Nicolas-Claes-Franszoon Hals, Dutch artist born on 25 July 1628. 1632 Hendrik van Balen I, Dutch painter born in 1575. LINKS 1566 Bartolomé de las Casas, dominico español, primer obispo de Chiapas (México) y defensor de los indígenas americanos. 1497 Benedetto Ghirlandaio, Italian Early Renaissance painter born in 1458, brother of Domenico Ghirlandaio, uncle of Ridolfo Ghirlandaio. Portrait of a Lady 1321 María de Molina, reina de Castilla. 0855 Saint Leo IV, Pope |
Births which occurred on
a July 17: 2002 Joel Michael Blood, by caesarean section to Diane Blood. The father, Stephen Blood, died of meningitis in 1995 at age 30, but not before sperm was taken from him while comatose, which has already given him a first posthumous son, Liam, in 1998.
1871 Lyonel Charles Adrian Feininger, US Cubist and Expressionist painter whose paintings and teaching activities at the Bauhaus brought a new compositional discipline and lyrical use of color into the predominantly Expressionistic art of Germany. He died on 13 January 1956. Biografie (auf Deutsch) MORE ON FEININGER AT ART 4 JULY LINKS Self-Portrait [looks angry] Bollwerk Sailing Ships The River The Bicycle Race Gelmerode Zirchow I Storm Brewing _ detail Cathedral of Socialism 1863 Richmond, mathematician. 1849 Emmerich Alexius Swoboda von Wikingen, Austrian artist who died on 26 January 1914. 1841 Punch, British humor magazine, in first published [sample cartoons] 1837 Lexis, mathematician who studied data presented as a series over time thus initiating the study of time series. 1834 Algunos frailes, asesinados cuando se asaltan varios conventos en Madrid ante la creencia popular de que son responsables del envenenamiento de las agua que 1831 Mannheim, mathematician. 1817 Frederik Marianus Kruseman, Dutch artist who died in 1882. 1766 José Joaquín Camacho Lago, político y periodista colombiano. 1763 John Jacob Astor Germany, would become the richest man in US, banker/fur trader Juan Jacobo Astor, comerciante de origen alemán creador de una dinastía de millonarios estadounidenses. 1718 Nicolas Desportes, French artist who died on 26 September 1787. 1693 Gerard Melder, Dutch artist who died in 1754. 1487 Esma'il I shah who converted Iran from Sunni to Shi'ah |