<<
Dec 18| HISTORY
4 2DAY
|Dec 20
>> Events, deaths, births, of 19 DEC [For Dec 19 Julian go to Gregorian date: 1582~1699: Dec 29 1700s: Dec 30 1800s: Dec 31 1900~2099: Jan 01] |
1997 El Gobierno irlandés libera a nueve presos del IRA,
en un gesto de gracia del Gobierno de Dublín. Este indulto colectivo se
interpreta como una muestra de apoyo al proceso de paz. 1994 La escultora austriaca Eva Lootz, Premio Nacional español de Artes Plásticas 1994. 1991 Boris Yeltsin takes control of Kremlin 1991 El primer ministro de Australia, el laborista Bob Hawke, dimite tras perder una moción de confianza a causa de la crisis económica. 1989 American Airlines purchases Eastern Airline's Latin American route 1988 NASA unveils plans for lunar colony and manned missions to Mars 1987 El soviético Gari Kimovich Kasparov, campeón mundial de ajedrez, al empatar a doce puntos con el aspirante, Anatoli Evgenievich Karpov, en Sevilla.
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1980 Anguilla becomes a British dependency separate from St Kitts 1980 Iran requests $24 billion in US guarantees to free hostages 1975 John Paul Stevens becomes a Supreme Court Justice 1974 Nelson A Rockefeller is sworn in as 41st vice president of the United states after a House of Representatives vote.
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1965 Charles André de Gaulle es reelegido presidente de Francia.
1945 Austrian Republic re-established 1945 Congress confirms Eleanor Roosevelt as US delegate to the United Nations. 1944 During the Battle of the Bulge, American troops begin pulling back from the twin Belgian cities of Krinkelt and Rocherath in front of the advancing German Army. |
1942 The British advance 60 km into Burma in a drive to oust the Japanese from the colony. 1932 British Broadcasting Corp begins transmitting overseas 1928 1st autogiro (predecessor of helicopter) flight in US
1910 Rayon 1st commercially produced, Marcus Hook PA 1900 The French Parliament votes amnesty for everyone involved in the Dreyfus Affair. 1891 First Negro Catholic priest ordained in US, Charles Uncles, Baltimore 1890 Start of Sherlock Holmes The Adventure of The Beryl Coronet 1864 Skirmish at Rutherford Creek, Tennessee 1862 Confederate General Nathan B. Forrest begins tearing up the railroads in the rear of Union generals Grant and Rosecrans, causing considerable delays in the movement of Union supplies. 1861 Battle of Black Water. 1848 Napoléon Bonaparte (futuro Napoléon III, emperador de Francia) es elegido presidente de la República. 1842 US recognizes independence of Hawaii 1828 South Carolina declares the right of states to nullify federal laws 1793 French troops recapture Toulon from the British.
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1732
Poor Richard's Almanack is published In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin, 26, begins publication of Poor Richard's Almanack under the pseudonym of Richard Saunders. In an advertisement for the humorous publication in The Pennsylvania Gazette, a successful newspaper that Franklin himself established during the 1720s, Franklin promises "many pleasant and witty verses, jests and sayings. The Almanack is an instant success, and a new issue follows each year for the next twenty-five years, selling an average of 10'000 copies yearly. It becomes one of the most popular writings from the colonial period, and greatly influences American popular culture with such light-hearted aphorisms as "Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man, healthy, wealthy, and wise. Franklin was born in Boston in 1706 and was apprenticed to his brother, a printer, at age 12. In 1729, Franklin became the official printer of currency for the colony of Pennsylvania. He began publishing Poor Richard's, as well as the Pennsylvania Gazette, one of the colonies' first and best newspapers. By 1748, Franklin had become more interested in inventions and science than publishing. He spent time in London representing Pennsylvania in its dispute with England and later spent time in France. He returned to America in March 1775, with war on the horizon. He served on the Second Continental Congress and helped Thomas Jefferson draft the Declaration of Independence. As a diplomat in France he was also instrumental in persuading the French to lend military assistance to the colonies. Benjamin Franklin died in Philadelphia in 1790. [Poor Richard's Almanack selections] Other works by Franklin online: The Autobiography and Other Writings -- The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin -- Experiments and Observations on Electricity, Made at Philadelphia in America A few aphorisms from Poor Richard's Almanack: ENIGMATICAL PROPHECIES [from the 1736 Almanack, with the original spelling]. Which they that do not understand, cannot well explain. 1. Before the middle of this year, a wind at N. East will arise, during which the water of the sea and rivers will be in such manner raised, that great part of the towns of Boston, Newport, New-York, Philadelphia, the low lands of Maryland and Virginia, and the town of Charlstown in South Carolina, will be under water. Happy will it be for the sugar and salt, standing in the cellars of those places, if there be tight roofs and cielings overhead; otherwise, without being a conjurer, a man may easily foretel that such commodities will receive damage. 2. About the middle of the year, great numbers of vessels fully laden will be taken out of the ports aforesaid, by a Power with which we are not now at war, and whose forces shall not be descried or seen either coming or going. But in the end this may not be disadvantageous to those places. 3. However, not long after, a visible army of 30000 musketers will land, some in Virginia and Maryland, and some in the lower counties on both sides of Delaware, who will over-run the country, and sorely annoy the inhabitants; but the air in this climate will agree with them so ill towards winter, that they will die in the beginning of cold weather like rotten sheep, and by Christmas the inhabitans will get the better of them. [These 3 prophecies did indeed come to pass, but Franklin's readers had to wait one year for the 1737 Almanack to understand them. I will not make you wait that long, so make sure you read This Day in History for the next few days.] THE BENEFIT OF GOING TO LAW. Two beggars travelling along, / One blind, the other lame. Pick'd up an oyster on the way / To which they both laid claim: The matter rose so high, that they / Resolv'd to go to law, As often richer fools have done, / Who quarrel for a straw. A lawyer took it strait in hand, / Who knew his business was, To mind nor one nor t'other side, / But make the best o'th'cause; As always in the law's the case; / So he his judgment gave, And lawyerlike he thus resolv'd, / What each of them should have; Blind plaintif, lame defendant, share / The friendly law's impartial care, A shell for him, a shell for thee, / The middle is the lawyer's fee. |
1776 Thomas Paine publishes his first The
American Crisis essay. 1686 Robinson Crusoe leaves his island after 28 years (as per Defoe) 1562 The French Wars of Religion between the Huguenots and the Catholics begin with the Battle of Dreux. 1406 El cardenal Angelo Carrer es coronado Papa con el nombre de Gregorio XII.
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Deaths
which occurred on a December 19: 2002 Nadda Maddi, 11, Palestinian girl, by Israeli troops at the Termit outpost on the Egyptian border in Rafah, Gaza Strip, machine-gunning a residential area in a gunfight with Palestinians. 2002 Asif Ramzi and 3 others, by accidental explosion while they were making terrorrist bombs in Karachi. Ramzi was the leader of a faction of the outlawed Sunni Muslim group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, and was believed to be involved in attacks on members of Pakistan's Shi'ite Muslim minority, and in the murder (probably on 01 Feb 2002) of US reporter Daniel Pearl, 38, South Asia bureau chief of The Wall Street Journal, who had been kidnapped on 23 January 2002 while researching a story on Islamic militants in Pakistan, and who was videotaped having his throat slit. On 15 July 2002 British-born Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh, 27, was sentenced to death by a Pakistani court for masterminding Pearl's kidnapping and murder, and Salman Saquib, Fahad Nasim, and Sheikh Adil were sentenced to life imprisonment. 2001 Wang Ruowang, 83, prominent Chinese dissident writer who was jailed by China's Communist government and later became an exile. 2000 Son Sann, 89, of heart attack, in Paris, Cambodian economist, intellectual, guerrilla leader, peace broker and politician. 2000 John V. Lindsay, 79, Republican Congressman, mayor of New York, candidate for 1972 Democratic presidential nomination, author of novel The Edge.
1990 Xavier Benguerel, alias Daniel Rovira, escritor español. 1986 José Antonio Maravall Cases Noves, historiador español. 1980 Alexei Nikolaievich Kosygin, ex presidente de Gobierno soviético. 1968 Norman Thomas, 84, a founder of the ACLU 1961: 23 personas al estrellarse una avioneta que llevaba a Sevilla socorro para los damnificados de unas graves inundaciones. 1959 Walter Williams, 117, in Houston, claimed to be last survivor of US Civil War 1952 Szász, mathematician. 1939 Graf von Spee, acorazado alemán, hundido por sus propios tripulantes para no caer en poder de los ingleses tras la batalla del Río de la Plata.
1931 Raffaelo Sorbi, Italian artist born on 24 February 1844. 1915 Alois Alzheimer German psychiatrist. 1907: 239 miners, in a coal mine explosion in Jacobs Creek, Pennsylvania.
1873 Henri Pierre Pharamond Blanchard, French artist born on 27 February 1805. 1851 Joseph Mallord William Turner, British artist born on 23 April 1775, specialized in landscapes and seascapes, considered by the French Impressionists as a precursor. MORE ON TURNER AT ART 4 DECEMBER LINKS The Unpaid Bill (The Dentist Reproving his Son's Prodigality) The Grand Canal, Venice View of Kenilworth Castle Dido Building Carthage (The Rise of the Carthaginian Empire) Bay of Baiae with Apollo and the Sibyl Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus Snow Storm: Steam Boat Off a Harbor's Mouth The Approach to Venice Fishermen at Sea The Shipwreck Snow Storm: Hannibal and His Army Crossing the Alps A Storm (Shipwreck) Shipwreck off Hastings Fire at Sea Snow Storm - Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth The Battle of Trafalgar, as Seen from the Mizen Starboard Shrouds of the Victory The Decline of the Carthaginian Empire Childe Harold's Pilgrimage A Ship Aground The Fighting Téméraire Tugged to Her Last Berth to Be Broken up The Fighting Téméraire Peace - Burial at Sea Peace Burial at Sea The Dogana, San Giorgio, Citella, From the Steps of the Europa Light and Color (Goethe's Theory) - The Morning after the Deluge - Moses Writing the Book of Genesis Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway 1851 Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie, French artist born in 1773. 1665 Gerard Pieterszoon Zyl, Dutch artist born in 1607. 1741 Vitus Bering Dutch navigator & explorer 0401 St Anastasius I, Pope 0079 Flavio Tito Vespasiano, emperador de Roma. |
Births which
occurred on a December 19:
1944 Richard E. Leakey, palaeontologist. [photo >] 1924 Michel Tournier, escritor francés. 1919 William Nunn Lipscomb, químico estadounidense, premio Nobel de Química en 1976. 1918 Leon Mirsky, mathematician. 1918 Believe It or Not of Robert Ripley begins in The New York Globe. 1915 Edith Piaf, in Paris, internationally famous French cabaret singer, best remembered for her songs "La Vie en rose" and "Non, je ne regrette rein. 1910 Jean Genet France, novelist/playwright (The Blacks) -- Jean Genet, poète maudit. Il sera confié à l'Assistance publique et connaîtra la prison. Il séjournera ainsi à Fontevraud, non loin des gisants des Plantagenêt. 1910 Helmut Wielandt, mathematicia 1906 H Allen Smith US, humorist/author (Low Man on the Totem Pole) 1906 Leonid Brezhnev Ukraine, Soviet General Secretary of the Communist party and President of the Supreme Soviet from 1964 until 1982. He died on 10 November 1982 1903 George Davis Snell, científico estadounidense, premio Nobel de Medicina y Fisiología en 1980. 1901 Oliver Lafarge novelist (Laughing Boy) 1886 Ángel Herrera Oria, periodista y cardenal español. 1869 Edward Willis Redfield, Pennsylvania Impressionist painter who died in 1965. MORE ON REDFIELD AT ART 4 DECEMBER LINKS The Burning of Center Bridge The Island.
1852 Albert A Michelson established c (speed of light in a vacuum) as universal constant (Nobel 1907) 1843 A Christmas Carol, by Charles Dickens, is first published.. 1835 Antonio Gisbert, pintor español. 1831 Princess Ke Kamali'iwahine Bernice Pauahi (Bishop) Hawaii. (d. 1884), the last direct descendant of Kamehameha the Great. She would die in 1884 and her memory would be perpetuated by her will which left the bulk of her estate "to erect and maintain in the Hawaiian Islands two schools, each for boarding and day scholars, one for boys and one for girls, to be known as, and called the Kamehameha Schools.
1808 Horatius Bonar, Scottish clergyman and poet. He wrote several missionary biographies and over 600 hymns. Author of The Everlasting Righteousness, Follow the Lamb, God's Way of Holiness, God's Way of Peace: A Book for the Anxious, The Rent Veil 1790 Sir William Edward Parry, British arctic explorer and rear admiral. In 1818 he accompanied Sir John Ross on an expedition to find the Nortwest Passage, and later he led other attempts (1819-20, 1821-23, 1824-25). The Parry Islands bear his name. Parry died in 1855. 1793 Lorenzo Quaglio, German artist who died on 15 March 1869. 1783 Brianchon, mathematician. some year between 1774 and 1777 Pierre Antoine Augustin Vafflard, French artist who died at age 63. 1683 Felipe V, first Bourbon king of Spain (1700-46) 1036 Su Tung-p'o, China, poet/essayist/painter/official |